Introduction to Embedded Systems

Benchmark 1.4.2.4 - Sense → Process → Actuate

Learning Outcomes

  • Define an embedded system.
  • Explain the Sense → Process → Actuate cycle.
  • Identify common sensors and actuators.
  • Create a model of an embedded system.

Definition

An embedded system is a dedicated computer system built into a larger mechanical or electrical system to perform a specific function.

The Embedded System Cycle

SENSE
PROCESS
ACTUATE

Examples of Embedded Systems

DeviceFunction
Microwave OvenControls cooking time and power
Washing MachineControls wash cycles
CarControls braking, airbags, fuel injection
PrinterControls printing operations

Common Sensors

SensorPurpose
Temperature SensorMeasures heat
Motion SensorDetects movement
Light SensorDetects brightness
Touch SensorDetects contact

Common Actuators

ActuatorPurpose
MotorCreates movement
SpeakerProduces sound
LEDProduces light
PumpMoves liquid

Student Activity

Draw a model of an embedded system such as an automatic door, smart street light, or security alarm. Label the Sensor, Processor, and Actuator.